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TWiki Spreadsheet Plugin

This plugin adds spreadsheet capabilities to TWiki topics. Formulae like %CALC{"$INT(7/3)"}% are evaluated at page view time. They can be placed in table cells and outside of tables. In other words, this plugin provides general formula evaluation capability, not just classic spreadsheet functions.

Example:

Region: Sales:
Northeast 320
Northwest 580
South 240
Europe 610
Asia 220
Total: 1970

      Interactive example:

Formula: %CALC{""}%
Result:     TWiki Guest
The formula next to "Total" is %CALC{"$SUM( $ABOVE() )"}%.
(you see the formula instead of the sum in case the plugin is not installed or not enabled.)

On this page:

Syntax Rules

The action of this plugin is triggered by the %CALC{"..."}% variable, which gets rendered according to the built-in function(s) found between the quotes.

  • Built-in function are of format $FUNCNAME(parameter)
  • Functions may be nested, such as %CALC{"$SUM( R2:C$COLUMN(0)..R$ROW(-1):C$COLUMN(0) )"}%
  • Functions are evaluated from left to right, and from inside to outside if nested
  • The function parameter can be text; a mathematical formula; a cell address; or a range of cell addresses
  • Multiple parameters form a list; they are separated by a comma, followed by optional space, such as %CALC{"$SUM( 3, 5, 7 )"}%
  • A table cell can be addressed as R1:C1. Table address matrix:
    R1:C1 R1:C2 R1:C3 R1:C4
    R2:C1 R2:C2 R2:C3 R2:C4
  • A table cell range is defined by two cell addresses separated by "..", e.g. "row 1 through 20, column 3" is: R1:C3..R20:C3
  • Lists can refer to values and/or table cell ranges, such as %CALC{"$SUM( 3, 5, $T(R1:C7), R1:C11..R1:C15 )"}%
  • Formulae can only reference cells in the current or preceeding row of the current table; they may not reference cells below the current table row
  • Formulae can also be placed outside of tables; they can reference cells in the preceeding table
  • Formulae can be placed in a FormattedSearch, but the CALC needs to be escaped. Learn how to use a CALC in a formatted search
  • Plain text can be added, such as %CALC{"Total: $SUM($ABOVE()) kg"}%

Built-in Functions

Conventions for Syntax:

  • Required parameters are indicated in ( bold )
  • Optional parameters are indicated in ( bold italic )

ABOVE( ) -- address range of cells above the current cell

  • Syntax: $ABOVE( )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUM($ABOVE())"}% returns the sum of cells above the current cell
  • Related: $LEFT(), $RIGHT()

ABS( num ) -- absolute value of a number

AND( list ) -- logical AND of a list

AVERAGE( list ) -- average of a list or a range of cells

  • Syntax: $AVERAGE( list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$AVERAGE(R2:C5..R$ROW(-1):C5)"}% returns the average of column 5, excluding the title row
  • Related: $LIST(), $MAX(), $MEDIAN(), $MIN()

BITXOR( text ) -- bit-wise XOR of text

CEILING( num ) -- return the smallest integer following a number

  • The ceiling(x) is the smallest integer not less than x
  • Use $INT() to truncate a number towards zero; use $FLOOR() to get the largest previous integer
  • Syntax: $CEILING( num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$CEILING(5.4)"}% returns 6
  • Example: %CALC{"$CEILING(-5.4)"}% returns -5
  • Related: $EVAL(), $FLOOR(), $INT(), $ROUND(), $VALUE()

CHAR( number ) -- ASCII character represented by number

  • Syntax: $CHAR( number )
  • Example: Example: %CALC{"$CHAR(97)"}% returns a
  • Related: $CODE()

CODE( text ) -- ASCII numeric value of character

  • The ASCII numeric value of the first character in text
  • Syntax: $CODE( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$CODE(abc)"}% returns 97
  • Related: $CHAR()

COLUMN( offset ) -- current column number

  • The current table column number with an optional offset
  • Syntax: $COLUMN( offset )
  • Example: %CALC{"$COLUMN()"}% returns 2 for the second column
  • Related: $ROW(), $T()

COUNTITEMS( list ) -- count individual items in a list

  • Syntax: $COUNTITEMS( list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$COUNTITEMS($ABOVE())"}% returns Closed: 1, Open: 2 assuming one cell above the current cell contains Closed and two cells contain Open
  • Related: $COUNTSTR(), $LIST(), $WHILE()

COUNTSTR( list, str ) -- count the number of cells in a list equal to a given string

  • Count the number of cells in a list equal to a given string (if str is specified), or counts the number of non empty cells in a list
  • Syntax: $COUNTSTR( list, str )
  • Example: %CALC{"$COUNTSTR($ABOVE())"}% counts the number of non empty cells above the current cell
  • Example: %CALC{"$COUNTSTR($ABOVE(), DONE)"}% counts the number of cells equal to DONE
  • Related: $COUNTITEMS(), $LIST(), $WHILE()

DEF( list ) -- find first non-empty list item or cell

  • Returns the first list item or cell reference that is not empty
  • Syntax: $DEF( list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$DEF(R1:C1..R1:C3)"}%
  • Related: $COUNTSTR(), $LISTIF(), $LIST()

EMPTY( text ) -- test for empty text

  • Returns 1 if text is empty, or 0 if not
  • Syntax: $EMPTY( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$EMPTY(foo)"}% returns 0
  • Example: %CALC{"$EMPTY()"}% returns 1
  • Example: %CALC{"$EMPTY($TRIM( ))"}% returns 1
  • Related: $EXACT(), $IF(), $TRIM(), $WHILE()

EVAL( formula ) -- evaluate a simple mathematical formula

  • Addition, substraction, multiplication, division and modulus of numbers are supported. Any nesting is permitted
  • Numbers may be decimal integers (1234), binary integers (0b1110011), octal integers (01234), hexadecimal integers (0x1234) or of exponential notation (12.34e-56)
  • Syntax: $EVAL( formula )
  • Example: %CALC{"$EVAL( (5 * 3) / 2 + 1.1 )"}% returns 8.6
  • Related: $CEILING(), $EXEC(), $FLOOR(), $INT(), $MOD(), $ROUND(), $VALUE()

EVEN( num ) -- test for even number

EXACT( text1, text2 ) -- compare two text strings

  • Compares two text strings and returns 1 if they are exactly the same, or 0 if not
  • Syntax: $EXACT( text1, text2 )
  • Example: %CALC{"$EXACT(foo, Foo)"}% returns 0
  • Example: %CALC{"$EXACT(foo, $LOWER(Foo))"}% returns 1
  • Related: $EMPTY(), $IF(), $TRIM()

EXEC( formula ) -- execute a spreadsheet formula

  • Execute a spreadsheet formula, typically retrieved from a variable. This can be used to store a formula in a variable once and execute it many times using different parameters.
  • Syntax: $EXEC( formula )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(msg, $NOEXEC(Hi $GET(name)))"}% sets the msg variable with raw formula Hi $GET(name)
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(name, Tom) $EXEC($GET(msg))"}% executes content of msg variable and returns Hi Tom
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(name, Jerry) $EXEC($GET(msg))"}% returns Hi Jerry
  • Related: $EVAL(), $GET(), $NOEXEC(), $SET()

EXISTS( topic ) -- check if topic exists

  • Topic can be TopicName or a Web.TopicName. Current web is used if web is not specified.
  • Syntax: $EXISTS( topic )
  • Example: %CALC{"$EXISTS(WebHome)"}% returns 1
  • Example: %CALC{"$EXISTS(ThisDoesNotExist)"}% returns 0
  • Related: $EXACT(), $IF(), $TRIM()

EXP( num ) -- exponent (e) raised to the power of a number

  • EXP is the inverse of the LN function
  • Syntax: $EXP( num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$EXP(1)"}% returns 2.71828182845905
  • Related: $LN(), $LOG()

FIND( string, text, start ) -- find one string within another string

  • Finds one text string, within another text, and returns the number of the starting position of string, from the first character of text. This search is case sensitive and is not a regular expression search; use $SEARCH() for regular expression searching. Starting position is 1; a 0 is returned if nothing is matched.
  • Syntax: $FIND( string, text, start )
  • Example: %CALC{"$FIND(f, fluffy)"}% returns 1
  • Example: %CALC{"$FIND(f, fluffy, 2)"}% returns 4
  • Example: %CALC{"$FIND(@, fluffy, 1)"}% returns 0
  • Related: $INSERTSTRING(), $LEFTSTRING(), $REPLACE(), $RIGHTSTRING(), $SUBSTRING(), $SEARCH()

FLOOR( num ) -- return the largest integer preceding a number

  • The floor(x) is the largest integer not greater than x
  • Use $INT() to truncate a number towards zero; use $CEILING() to get the smallest following integer
  • Syntax: $FLOOR( num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$FLOOR(5.4)"}% returns 5
  • Example: %CALC{"$FLOOR(-5.4)"}% returns -6
  • Related: $CEILING(), $EVAL(), $INT(), $ROUND(), $VALUE()

FORMAT( type, precision, number ) -- format a number to a certain type and precision

  • Supported type:
    • COMMA for comma format, such as 12,345.68
    • DOLLAR for Dollar format, such as $12,345.68
    • KB for Kilo Byte format, such as 1205.63 KB
    • MB for Mega Byte format, such as 1.18 MB
    • KBMB for Kilo/Mega/Giga/Tera Byte auto-adjust format
    • NUMBER for number, such as 12345.7
    • PERCENT for percent format, such as 12.3%
  • The precision indicates the the number of digits after the dot
  • Syntax: $FORMAT( type, prec, number )
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(COMMA, 2, 12345.6789)"}% returns 12,345.68
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(DOLLAR, 2, 12345.67)"}% returns $12,345.68
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(KB, 2, 1234567)"}% returns 1205.63 KB
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(MB, 2, 1234567)"}% returns 1.18 MB
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(KBMB, 2, 1234567)"}% returns 1.18 MB
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(KBMB, 2, 1234567890)"}% returns 1.15 GB
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(NUMBER, 1, 12345.67)"}% returns 12345.7
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMAT(PERCENT, 1, 0.1234567)"}% returns 12.3%
  • Related: $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATTIMEDIFF(), $ROUND()

FORMATGMTIME( serial, text ) -- convert a serialized date into a GMT date string

FORMATTIME( serial, text ) -- convert a serialized date into a date string

  • The following variables in text are expanded:
    • $second - seconds, 00..59
    • $minute - minutes, 00..59
    • $hour - hours, 00..23
    • $day - day of month, 01..31
    • $month - month, 01..12
    • $mon - month in text format, Jan..Dec
    • $year - 4 digit year, 1999
    • $ye - 2 digit year, 99
    • $wd - day number of the week, 1 for Sunday, 2 for Monday, etc
    • $wday - day of the week, Sun..Sat
    • $weekday - day of the week, Sunday..Saturday
    • $yearday - day of the year, 1..365, or 1..366 in leap years
    • $isoweek - ISO 8601 week number, one or two digits, 1..53
    • $isoweek(format) - formatted ISO 8601 week number. These variables are expanded in format:
      • $isoweek($year) - year of ISO 8601 week number, such as 2009 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($wk) - 2 digit ISO 8601 week number, such as 53 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($day) - day of ISO 8601 week number, starting with 1 for Monday, such as 7 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($iso) - full year-week ISO week number, such as 2009-W53 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($yearW$wk$day) - full year-week-day ISO week number, such as 2009W537 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($year-W$wk-$day) - full year-week-day ISO week number, such as 2009-W53-7 for 2010-01-03
      • $isoweek($year-W$wk) - year-week ISO 8601 week number, such as 2009-W53 for 2010-01-03
  • Date is assumed to be server time; add GMT to text to indicate Greenwich time zone, or use $FORMATGMTIME().
  • Syntax: $FORMATTIME( serial, text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIME(0, $year/$month/$day GMT)"}% returns 1970/01/01 GMT
  • Related: $FORMATGMTIME(), $TIME(), $FORMATTIMEDIFF(), $TIMEADD(), $TIMEDIFF(), $TODAY()

FORMATTIMEDIFF( unit, precision, time ) -- convert elapsed time to a string

  • Convert elapsed time to a human readable format, such as: 12 hours and 3 minutes
  • The input unit can be second, minute, hour, day, month, year. Note: An approximation is used for month and year calculations.
  • The precision indicates the number of output units to use
  • Syntax: $FORMATTIMEDIFF( unit, precision, time )
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIMEDIFF(min, 1, 200)"}% returns 3 hours
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIMEDIFF(min, 2, 200)"}% returns 3 hours and 20 minutes
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIMEDIFF(min, 1, 1640)"}% returns 1 day
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIMEDIFF(min, 2, 1640)"}% returns 1 day and 3 hours
  • Example: %CALC{"$FORMATTIMEDIFF(min, 3, 1640)"}% returns 1 day, 3 hours and 20 minutes
  • Related: $FORMATTIME(), $TIME(), $TIMEADD(), $TIMEDIFF()

GET( name ) -- get the value of a previously set variable

  • Specify the variable name (alphanumeric characters and underscores). An empty string is returned if the variable does not exist. Use $SET() to set a variable first. Unlike table ranges, variables live for the time of the page view and persist across tables, i.e. you can use it to summarize results across several tables.
  • Syntax: $GET( name )
  • Example: %CALC{"$GET(my_total)"}% returns the value of the my_total variable
  • Related: $EXEC(), $NOEXEC(), $SET(), $SETIFEMPTY(), $SETM(), $WHILE(), TWiki:Plugins.SetGetPlugin

HEXDECODE( hexcode ) -- convert hexadecimal code to string

  • Decode a hexadecimal string, typically encoded with $HEXENCODE().
  • Syntax: $HEXDECODE( hexcode )
  • Example: %CALC{"$HEXDECODE(687474703A2F2F7477696B692E6F72672F)"}% returns http://twiki.org/
  • Related: $BITXOR(), $HEXENCODE(), $SUBSTITUTE(), $TRANSLATE()

HEXENCODE( text ) -- encode text into hexadecimal code

  • Each character of text is encoded into two hexadecimal numbers.
  • Syntax: $HEXENCODE( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$HEXENCODE(http://twiki.org/)"}% returns 687474703A2F2F7477696B692E6F72672F
  • Related: $BITXOR(), $HEXDECODE(), $SUBSTITUTE(), $TRANSLATE()

IF( condition, value if true, value if 0 ) -- return a value based on a condition

  • The condition can be a number (where 0 means condition not met), or two numbers with a comparison operator < (less than), <= (less than or equal), == (equal), != (not equal), >= (greater than or equal), > (greater than).
  • Syntax: $IF( condition, value if true, value if 0 )
  • Example: %CALC{"$IF($T(R1:C5) > 1000, Over Budget, OK)"}% returns Over Budget if value in R1:C5 is over 1000, OK if not
  • Example: %CALC{"$IF($EXACT($T(R1:C2),), empty, $T(R1:C2))"}% returns the content of R1:C2 or empty if empty
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(val, $IF($T(R1:C2) == 0, zero, $T(R1:C2)))"}% sets a variable conditionally
  • Related: $AND(), $EMPTY(), $EXACT(), $LISTIF(), $NOT(), $OR(), $WHILE()

INSERTSTRING( text, start, new ) -- insert a string into a text string

INT( formula ) -- evaluate formula and return integer truncated towards 0

  • Addition, substraction, multiplication, division and modulus of numbers are supported. Any nesting is permitted
  • Numbers may be decimal integers (1234), binary integers (0b1110011), octal integers (01234), hexadecimal integers (0x1234) or of exponential notation (12.34e-56)
  • If you expect a single decimal integer value with leading zeros, use $INT( $VALUE( number ) )
  • Syntax: $INT( formula )
  • Example: %CALC{"$INT(10 / 4)"}% returns 2
  • Example: %CALC{"$INT($VALUE(09))"}% returns 9
  • Related: $CEILING(), $EVAL(), $FLOOR(), $ROUND(), $VALUE()

LEFT( ) -- address range of cells to the left of the current cell

  • Syntax: $LEFT( )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUM($LEFT())"}% returns the sum of cells to the left of the current cell
  • Related: $ABOVE(), $RIGHT()

LEFTSTRING( text, num ) -- extract characters at the beginning of a text string

LENGTH( text ) -- length of text in bytes

  • Syntax: $LENGTH( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$LENGTH(abcd)"}% returns 4
  • Related: $LISTSIZE()

LIST( range ) -- convert content of a cell range into a list

LISTIF( condition, list ) -- remove elements from a list that do not meet a condition

LISTITEM( index, list ) -- get one element of a list

LISTJOIN( separator, list ) -- convert a list into a string

  • By default, list items are separated by a comma and a space. Use this function to indicate a specific separator string, which may include $comma for comma, $n for newline, $sp for space, and $empty to join a list without a separator.
  • Syntax: $LISTJOIN( separator, list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$LISTJOIN($n, Apple, Orange, Apple, Kiwi)"}% returns the four items separated by new lines
  • Example: %CALC{"$LISTJOIN($empty, Apple, Orange, Apple, Kiwi)"}% returns AppleOrangeAppleKiwi
  • Related: $LIST(), $LISTNONEMPTY(), $LISTSIZE(), $SPLIT()

LISTMAP( formula, list ) -- evaluate and update each element of a list

LISTNONEMPTY( list ) -- remove all empty elements from a list

LISTRAND( list ) -- get one random element of a list

LISTREVERSE( list ) -- opposite order of a list

LISTSIZE( list ) -- number of elements in a list

LISTSHUFFLE( list ) -- shuffle element of a list in random order

LISTSORT( list ) -- sort a list

LISTTRUNCATE( size, list ) -- truncate list to size

LISTUNIQUE( list ) -- remove all duplicates from a list

LN( num ) -- natural logarithm of a number

  • LN is the inverse of the EXP function
  • Syntax: $LN( num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$LN(10)"}% returns 2.30258509299405
  • Related: $EXP(), $LOG()

LOG( num, base ) -- logarithm of a number to a given base

  • base-10 logarithm of a number (if base is 0 or not specified), else logarithm of a number to the given base
  • Syntax: $LOG( num, base )
  • Example: %CALC{"$LOG(1000)"}% returns 3
  • Example: %CALC{"$LOG(16, 2)"}% returns 4
  • Related: $EXP(), $LN()

LOWER( text ) -- lower case string of a text

MAX( list ) - biggest value of a list or range of cells

MEDIAN( list ) -- median of a list or range of cells

MIN( list ) -- smallest value of a list or range of cells

MOD( num, divisor ) -- reminder after dividing num by divisor

  • Syntax: $MOD( num, divisor )
  • Example: %CALC{"$MOD(7, 3)"}% returns 1
  • Related: $EVAL()

NOEXEC( formula ) -- do not execute a spreadsheet formula

  • Prevent a formula from getting executed. This is typically used to store a raw formula in a variable for later use as described in $EXEC().
  • Syntax: $NOEXEC( formula )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(msg, $NOEXEC(Hi $GET(name)))"}% sets the msg variable with the formula Hi $GET(name) without executing it
  • Related: $EVAL(), $EXEC(), $GET(), $SET()

NOP( text ) -- no-operation

  • Useful to change the order of plugin execution. For example, it allows preprocessing to be done before %SEARCH{}% is evaluated. The percent character '%' can be escaped with $percnt. The quote character '"' can be escaped with $quot.
  • Syntax: $NOP( text )

NOT( num ) -- reverse logic of a number

ODD( num ) -- test for odd number

OR( list ) -- logical OR of a list

PERCENTILE( num, list ) -- percentile of a list or range of cells

  • Calculates the num-th percentile, useful to establish a threshold of acceptance. num is the percentile value, range 0..100
  • Syntax: $PERCENTILE( num, list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$PERCENTILE(75, 400, 200, 500, 100, 300)"}% returns 450
  • Related: $LIST(), $MAX(), $MEDIAN(), $MIN()

PI( ) -- mathematical constant Pi, 3.14159265358979

  • Syntax: $PI( )
  • Example: %CALC{"$PI()"}% returns 3.14159265358979

PRODUCT( list ) -- product of a list or range of cells

  • Syntax: $PRODUCT( list )
  • Example: To calculate the product of the cells to the left of the current one use %CALC{"$PRODUCT($LEFT())"}%
  • Related: $LIST(), $PRODUCT(), $SUM(), $SUMPRODUCT()

PROPER( text ) -- properly capitalize text

  • Capitalize letters that follow any character other than a letter; convert all other letters to lowercase letters
  • Syntax: $PROPER( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$PROPER(a small STEP)"}% returns A Small Step
  • Example: %CALC{"$PROPER(f1 (formula-1))"}% returns F1 (Formula-1)
  • Related: $LOWER(), $PROPERSPACE(), $TRIM(), $UPPER()

PROPERSPACE( text ) -- properly space out WikiWords

  • Properly spaces out WikiWords preceeded by white space, parenthesis, or ][. Words listed in the DONTSPACE TWikiPreferences variable or DONTSPACE plugins setting are excluded
  • Syntax: $PROPERSPACE( text )
  • Example: Assuming DONTSPACE contains MacDonald: %CALC{"$PROPERSPACE(Old MacDonald had a ServerFarm, EeEyeEeEyeOh)"}% returns Old MacDonald had a Server Farm, Ee Eye Ee Eye Oh
  • Related: $LOWER(), $PROPER(), $TRIM(), $UPPER()

RAND( max ) -- random number

REPEAT( text, num ) -- repeat text a number of times

  • Syntax: $REPEAT( text, num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$REPEAT(/\, 5)"}% returns /\/\/\/\/\
  • Related: $WHILE()

REPLACE( text, start, num, new ) -- replace part of a text string

RIGHT( ) -- address range of cells to the right of the current cell

  • Syntax: $RIGHT( )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUM($RIGHT())"}% returns the sum of cells to the right of the current cell
  • Related: $ABOVE(), $LEFT()

RIGHTSTRING( text, num ) -- extract characters at the end of a text string

ROUND( formula, digits ) -- round a number

  • Evaluates a simple formula and rounds the result up or down to the number of digits if digits is positive; to the nearest integer if digits is missing; or to the left of the decimal point if digits is negative
  • Syntax: $ROUND( formula, digits )
  • Example: %CALC{"$ROUND(3.15, 1)"}% returns 3.2
  • Example: %CALC{"$ROUND(3.149, 1)"}% returns 3.1
  • Example: %CALC{"$ROUND(-2.475, 2)"}% returns -2.48
  • Example: %CALC{"$ROUND(34.9, -1)"}% returns 30
  • Related: $CEILING(), $EVAL(), $FLOOR(), $INT(), $FORMAT()

ROW( offset ) -- current row number

  • The current table row number with an optional offset
  • Syntax: $ROW( offset )
  • Example: To get the number of rows excluding table heading (first row) and summary row (last row you are in), write: %CALC{"$ROW(-2)"}%
  • Related: $COLUMN(), $T()

SEARCH( string, text, start ) -- search a string within a text

  • Finds one text string, within another text, and returns the number of the starting position of string, from the first character of text. This search is a RegularExpression search; use $FIND() for non-regular expression searching. Starting position is 1; a 0 is returned if nothing is matched
  • Syntax: $SEARCH( string, text, start )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SEARCH([uy], fluffy)"}% returns 3
  • Example: %CALC{"$SEARCH([uy], fluffy, 3)"}% returns 6
  • Example: %CALC{"$SEARCH([abc], fluffy,)"}% returns 0
  • Related: $FIND(), $INSERTSTRING(), $LEFTSTRING(), $REPLACE(), $RIGHTSTRING(), $SUBSTRING()

SET( name, value ) -- set a variable for later use

  • Specify the variable name (alphanumeric characters and underscores) and the value. The value may contain a formula; formulae are evaluated before the variable assignment; see $NOEXEC() if you want to prevent that. This function returns no output. Use $GET() to retrieve variables. Unlike table ranges, variables live for the time of the page view and persist across tables, i.e. you can use it to summarize results across several tables and also across included topics
  • Syntax: $SET( name, value )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(my_total, $SUM($ABOVE()))"}% sets the my_total variable to the sum of all table cells located above the current cell and returns an empty string
  • Related: $EXEC(), $GET(), $NOEXEC(), $SETIFEMPTY(), SETM(), $WHILE(), TWiki:Plugins.SetGetPlugin

SETIFEMPTY( name, value ) -- set a variable only if empty

  • Specify the variable name (alphanumeric characters and underscores) and the value.
  • Syntax: $SETIFEMPTY( name, value )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SETIFEMPTY(result, default)"}% sets the result variable to default if the variable is empty or 0; in any case an empty string is returned
  • Related: $GET(), $SET()

SETM( name, formula ) -- update an existing variable based on a formula

  • Specify the variable name (alphanumeric characters and underscores) and the formula. The formula must start with an operator to + (add), - (subtract), * (multiply), or / (divide) something to the variable. This function returns no output. Use $GET() to retrieve variables
  • Syntax: $SETM( name, formula )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SETM(total, + $SUM($LEFT()))"}% adds the sum of all table cells on the left to the total variable, and returns an empty string
  • Related: $GET(), $SET(), $SETIFEMPTY(), $WHILE()

SIGN( num ) -- sign of a number

SPLIT( separator, text ) -- split a string into a list

  • Split text into a list using separator as a delimiter. The separator may be a regular expression and may include $comma for comma, $sp for space and $empty to split at each character. Default separator is one or more spaces ($sp$sp*).
  • Syntax: $SPLIT( separator, text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SPLIT(, Apple Orange Kiwi)"}% returns Apple, Orange, Kiwi
  • Example: %CALC{"$SPLIT(-, Apple-Orange-Kiwi)"}% returns Apple, Orange, Kiwi
  • Example: %CALC{"$SPLIT([-:]$sp*, Apple-Orange: Kiwi)"}% returns Apple, Orange, Kiwi (the separator means: Dash or colon, followed by optional spaces
  • Example: %CALC{"$SPLIT($empty, Apple)"}% returns A, p, p, l, e
  • Related: $LIST(), $LISTJOIN(), $LISTSIZE()

SQRT( num ) -- square root of a number

  • Syntax: $SQRT( num )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SQRT(16)"}% returns 4

SUBSTITUTE( text, old, new, instance, option ) -- substitute text

  • Substitutes new text for old text in a text string. instance specifies which occurance of old you want to replace. If you specify instance, only that instance is replaced. Otherwise, every occurance is changed to the new text. A literal search is performed by default; a RegularExpression search if the option is set to r
  • Syntax: $SUBSTITUTE( text, old, new, instance, option )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUBSTITUTE(Good morning, morning, day)"}% returns Good day
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUBSTITUTE(Q2-2002, 2, 3)"}% returns Q3-3003
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUBSTITUTE(Q2-2002,2, 3, 3)"}% returns Q2-2003
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUBSTITUTE(abc123def, [0-9], 9, , r)"}% returns abc999def
  • Related: $BITXOR(), $HEXDECODE(), $HEXENCODE(), $INSERTSTRING(), $LEFTSTRING(), $REPLACE(), $RIGHTSTRING(), $SUBSTRING(), $TRANSLATE()

SUBSTRING( text, start, num ) -- extract a substring out of a text string

SUM( list ) -- sum of a list or range of cells

  • Syntax: $SUM( list )
  • Example: To sum up column 5 excluding the title row, write %CALC{"$SUM(R2:C5..R$ROW(-1):C5)"}% in the last row; or simply %CALC{"$SUM($ABOVE())"}%
  • Related: $LIST(), $PRODUCT(), $SUMPRODUCT(), $WORKINGDAYS()

SUMDAYS( list ) -- sum the days in a list or range of cells

  • The total number of days in a list or range of cells containing numbers of hours, days or weeks. The default unit is days; units are indicated by a h, hours, d, days, w, weeks suffix. One week is assumed to have 5 working days, one day 8 hours
  • Syntax: $SUMDAYS( list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUMDAYS(2w, 1, 2d, 4h)"}% returns 13.5, the evaluation of (2*5 + 1 + 2 + 4/8)
  • Related: $SUM(), $TIME(), $FORMATTIME()

SUMPRODUCT( list, list ) -- scalar product on ranges of cells

  • Syntax: $SUMPRODUCT( list, list, list... )
  • Example: %CALC{"$SUMPRODUCT(R2:C1..R4:C1, R2:C5..R4:C5)"}% evaluates and returns the result of ($T(R2:C1) * $T(R2:C5) + $T(R3:C1) * $T(R3:C5) + $T(R4:C1) * $T(R4:C5))
  • Related: $LIST(), $PRODUCT(), $SUM()

T( address ) -- content of a cell

  • Syntax: $T( address )
  • Example: %CALC{"$T(R1:C5)"}% returns the text in cell R1:C5
  • Related: $COLUMN(), $ROW()

TRANSLATE( text, from, to ) -- translate text from one set of characters to another

TIME( text ) -- convert a date string into a serialized date number

  • Serialized date is seconds since the Epoch, e.g. midnight, 01 Jan 1970. Current time is taken if the date string is empty. Supported date formats: 31 Dec 2009; 31 Dec 2009 GMT; 31 Dec 09; 31-Dec-2009; 31/Dec/2009; 31 Dec 2003 - 23:59; 31 Dec 2003 - 23:59:59; 2009/12/31; 2009-12-31; 2009/12/31; 2009/12/31 23:59; 2009/12/31 - 23:59; 2009-12-31-23-59; 2009/12/31 - 23:59:59; 2009.12.31.23.59.59. DOY (Day of Year) formats: DOY2003.365, DOY2003.365.23.59, DOY2003.365.23.59.59. Date is assumed to be server time; add GMT to indicate Greenwich time zone
  • Syntax: $TIME( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$TIME(2003/10/14 GMT)"}% returns 1066089600
  • Related: $FORMATGMTIME(), $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATTIMEDIFF(), $TIMEADD(), $TIMEDIFF(), $TODAY(), $WORKINGDAYS()

TIMEADD( serial, value, unit ) -- add a value to a serialized date

  • The unit is seconds if not specified; unit can be second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year. Note: An approximation is used for month and year calculations
  • Syntax: $TIMEADD( serial, value, unit )
  • Example: %CALC{"$TIMEADD($TIME(), 2, week)"}% returns the serialized date two weeks from now
  • Related: $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATGMTIME(), $TIME(), $TIMEDIFF(), $TODAY()

TIMEDIFF( serial_1, serial_2, unit ) -- time difference between two serialized dates

  • The unit is seconds if not specified; unit can be specified as in $TIMEADD().
  • Notes: An approximation is used for month and year calculations. Use $ROUND() to round day unit to account for daylight savings time change. Use $FORMAT(), $FORMATTIMEDIFF() or $INT() to format real numbers
  • Syntax: $TIMEDIFF( serial_1, serial_2, unit )
  • Example: %CALC{"$TIMEDIFF($TIME(), $EVAL($TIME()+90), minute)"}% returns 1.5
  • Example: %CALC{"$ROUND($TIMEDIFF($TIME(2009/03/06),$TIME(2009/03/13), day))"}% returns 7 (or 6.95833333333333 without the $ROUND())
  • Related: $FORMAT(), $FORMATGMTIME(), $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATTIMEDIFF(), $INT(), $TIME(), $TIMEADD(), $TODAY(), $WORKINGDAYS()

TODAY( ) -- serialized date of today at midnight GMT

  • In contrast, the related $TIME() returns the serialized date of today at the current time, e.g. it includes the number of seconds since midnight GMT
  • Syntax: $TODAY( )
  • Example: %CALC{"$TODAY()"}% returns the number of seconds since Epoch
  • Related: $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATGMTIME(), $TIME(), $TIMEADD(), $TIMEDIFF()

TRIM( text ) -- trim spaces from text

  • Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces between words
  • Syntax: $TRIM( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$TRIM( eat  spaces  )"}% returns eat spaces
  • Related: $EMPTY(), $EXACT(), $PROPERSPACE()

UPPER( text ) -- upper case string of a text

VALUE( text ) -- convert text to number

  • Extracts a number from text. Returns 0 if not found
  • Syntax: $VALUE( text )
  • Example: %CALC{"$VALUE(US$1,200)"}% returns 1200
  • Example: %CALC{"$VALUE(PrjNotebook1234)"}% returns 1234
  • Example: %CALC{"$VALUE(Total: -12.5)"}% returns -12.5
  • Related: $CEILING(), $EVAL(), $FLOOR(), $INT(), $ROUND()

WHILE( condition, do ) -- do something while a condition is true

  • The condition can be a number (where 0 means condition not met), or two numbers with a comparison operator < (less than), <= (less than or equal), == (equal), != (not equal), >= (greater than or equal), > (greater than).
  • The condition and do are evaluated in each cycle; a $counter starting at 1 can be used in condition and do.
  • Syntax: $WHILE( condition, do something )
  • Example: %CALC{"$WHILE($counter<=10, $counter )"}% returns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
  • Example: %CALC{"$SET(i, 0) $WHILE($GET(i)<10, $SETM(i, +1) $EVAL($GET(i) * $GET(i)), )"}% returns 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100,
  • Related: $AND(), $EMPTY(), $EXACT(), $GET(), $IF(), $LISTIF(), $NOT(), $OR(), $SET(), $SETM(), $REPEAT()

WORKINGDAYS( serial_1, serial_2 ) -- working days between two serialized dates

  • Working days are Monday through Friday (sorry, Israel!)
  • Syntax: $WORKINGDAYS( serial_1, serial_2 )
  • Example: %CALC{"$WORKINGDAYS($TIME(2004/07/15), $TIME(2004/08/03))"}% returns 13
  • Related: $SUMDAYS(), $TIME(), $TIMEDIFF()

XOR( list ) -- logical XOR of a list

  • Syntax: $XOR( list )
  • Example: %CALC{"$XOR(0, 0)"}% returns 0
  • Example: %CALC{"$XOR(0, 1)"}% returns 1
  • Example: %CALC{"$XOR(1, 0)"}% returns 1
  • Example: %CALC{"$XOR(1, 1)"}% returns 0
  • Example: %CALC{"$XOR(1, 0, 1)"}% returns 0
  • Related: $AND(), $BITXOR(), $IF(), $NOT(), $OR(), $WHILE()

FAQ

Can I use CALC in a formatted search?

Specifically, how can I output some conditional text in a FormattedSearch?

You need to escape the CALC so that it executes once per search hit. This can be done by escaping the % signs of %CALC{...}% with $percnt. For example, to execute $IF($EXACT($formfield(Tested), Yes), %PUBURL%/%SYSTEMWEB%/TWikiDocGraphics/choice-yes.gif, %PUBURL%/%SYSTEMWEB%/TWikiDocGraphics/choice-no.gif) in the format="" parameter, write this:

%SEARCH{ .... format="| $topic | $percntCALC{$IF($EXACT($formfield(Tested), Yes), %PUBURL%/%SYSTEMWEB%/TWikiDocGraphics/choice-yes.gif, %PUBURL%/%SYSTEMWEB%/TWikiDocGraphics/choice-no.gif)}$percnt |" }%

How can I easily repeat a formula in a table?

To repeat the same formula in all cells of a table row define the formula once in a preferences setting and use that in the CALC. The preferences setting can be defined at the site level, web level or topic level, and may be hidden in HTML comments. Example: 

<!--
   * Set MYFORMULA = $EVAL($SUBSTITUTE(...etc...))
-->
| A | 1 | %CALC{%MYFORMULA%}% |
| B | 2 | %CALC{%MYFORMULA%}% |
| C | 3 | %CALC{%MYFORMULA%}% |

CALC in Included Topics

By default, CALCs in an included topic are evaluated with delay. The SKIPINCLUDE setting tells the plugin to evaluate the CALCs once all INCLUDEs are processed. This default behavior is chosen so that it is possible to compose a bigger table from several includes and do some spreadsheet calculation over the whole table.

ALERT! Attention: You can get unexpected results if you INCLUDE a topic that has other variables taking action on CALCs. For example, a CHART in an included topic sees unprocessed CALCs, which may result in a chart with incorrect values. To get he desired result you need to set the following preference setting in the topic that includes the topic containing the CHART:

  • Set SPREADSHEETPLUGIN_SKIPINCLUDE = 0

This setting tells the SpreadSheetPlugin to process the CALCs in the included page, e.g. it will not delay the evaluation of the formulae.

Bug Tracking Example

Bug#: Priority: Subject: Status: Days to fix
Bug:1231 Low File Open ... Open 3
Bug:1232 High Memory Window ... Fixed 2
Bug:1233 Medium Usability issue ... Assigned 5
Bug:1234 High No arrange ... Fixed 1
Total: 4 High: 2
Low: 1
Medium: 1 		. Assigned: 1
Fixed: 2
Open: 1 		Total: 11

The last row is defined as: 

| Total: %CALC{"$ROW(-2)"}% \ 
  | %CALC{"$COUNTITEMS( R2:C$COLUMN()..R$ROW(-1):C$COLUMN() )"}% | . \ 
  | %CALC{"$COUNTITEMS( R2:C$COLUMN()..R$ROW(-1):C$COLUMN() )"}% \ 
  |  Total: %CALC{"$SUM( R2:C$COLUMN()..R$ROW(-1):C$COLUMN() )"}% |

Above table is created manually. The table can be build dynamically with a formatted search, or by a plugin that pulls data from an external source, such as a bug tracking system.

Plugin Settings

Plugin settings are stored as preferences variables. To reference a plugin setting write %<plugin>_<setting>%, i.e. %SPREADSHEETPLUGIN_SHORTDESCRIPTION%

  • One line description, is shown in the TextFormattingRules topic:
    • Set SHORTDESCRIPTION = Add spreadsheet calculation like "$SUM( $ABOVE() )" to TWiki tables or anywhere in topic text

  • Debug plugin: (See output in data/debug.txt)
    • Set DEBUG = 0

  • Do not handle %CALC{}% variable in included topic while including topic: (default: 1) (See note CALC in Included Topics)
    • Set SKIPINCLUDE = 1

  • WikiWords to exclude from being spaced out by the $PROPERSPACE(text) function. This comma delimited list can be overloaded by a DONTSPACE preferences variable:
    • Set DONTSPACE = CodeWarrior, MacDonald, McIntosh, RedHat, SuSE

Plugin Installation Instructions

Note: You do not need to install anything on the browser to use this plugin. Below installation instructions are for the administrator who needs to install this plugin on the TWiki server.

  • Download the ZIP file from the SpreadSheetPlugin home
  • Unzip SpreadSheetPlugin.zip in your twiki installation directory. Content:
    File: Description:
    data/TWiki/SpreadSheetPlugin.txt Plugin topic
    data/TWiki/SpreadSheetPlugin.txt,v Plugin topic repository
    lib/TWiki/Plugins/SpreadSheetPlugin.pm Plugin Perl module
  • TWiki 4 and up: Visit configure in your TWiki installation, and enable the plugin in the {Plugins} section.
  • Test if the "Total" in the first table in this topic is correct.

Plugin Info

Plugin Author: TWiki:Main.PeterThoeny
Copyright: © 2001-2012 Peter Thoeny, Twiki, Inc.
© 2008-2012 TWiki:TWiki.TWikiContributor
License: GPL (GNU General Public License)
Plugin Version: 2012-01-13
Change History:  
2012-01-13: TWikibug:Item6804: Added $FLOOR() and $CEILING()
2011-09-07: TWikibug:Item6803: Fix for EVAL function bug with zeroes after decimal point
2011-07-09: TWikibug:Item6725: Change global package variables from "use vars" to "our"
2011-04-25: TWikibug:Item6690: Added $BITXOR(), $HEXDECODE(), $HEXENCODE(), $XOR()
2011-04-08: TWikibug:Item6681: Added $WHILE()
2011-04-06: TWikibug:Item6679: Fixed small issue with $LISTRAND(), where last item only got 50% of fair share to get picked
2011-03-25: TWikibug:Item6669: Added $LISTNONEMPTY()
2011-03-24: TWikibug:Item6668: Fixed $LIST() not flattening a list in a cell
TWikibug:Item6667: Fixed $RIGHT() having wrong result due to incorrect start cell
2011-03-22: TWikibug:Item6666: Added $SPLIT(); renamed $nop separator token of $LISTJOIN() to $empty (keeping $nop as undocumented feature)
2010-08-27: TWikibug:Item6526: Added ISO 8601 week number to $FORMATTIME(), contributed by TWiki:Main.PeterPayne
2010-08-04: TWikibug:Item6537: Fixed for $EVAL(2+08) returning "illegal octal digit" error instead of 10
2010-07-17: TWikibug:Item6525: Added $n token to TRANSLATE for newline
2010-05-27: TWikibug:Item6506: Document delayed evaluation of CALC in included topics
2010-05-26: TWikibug:Item6504: Added empty ($nop) separator to $LISTJOIN()
2010-06-25: TWikibug:Item6493: Fixed $PRODUCT(0,4) returning 4 instead of 0
TWikibug:Item5163: Fix for plugin causing table to misrender an empty "||" row
2010-05-22: TWikibug:Item6472: Added support for DOY in $TIME(), contributed by TWiki:Main/EmanueleCupido
2010-05-15: TWikibug:Item6433: Doc improvements; replacing TWIKIWEB with SYSTEMWEB
2010-02-27: Doc improvements
2009-11-22: Enhanced $NOP(): Added $quot replacement for quote character, changed $per replacement with $percnt, contributed by TWiki:Main/HorstEsser
09 May 2009: Fixed bug in $WORKINGDAYS(): Incorrect number of days if daylight savings time change happens between start date and end date
26 Mar 2009: Added $INSERTSTRING()
25 Mar 2009: Added $EMPTY(), $LEFTSTRING(), $RIGHTSTRING(), $SUBSTRING()
24 Mar 2009: Fixed bug in $REPLACE() if to-be-replaced string is "0"; fixed bug in $SUBSTITUTE() if replace string is empty; improved docs
13 Oct 2007: Added $FORMATTIMEDIFF()
09 Sep 2007: Enhanced documentation for $EVAL() and $INT()
02 Jun 2007: Added VarCALC to have %CALC{}% listed in TWikiVariables
14 Apr 2007: Fixing bug in $EXISTS() that required full web.topic instead of just topic
11 Mar 2007: Fixing bug in $VALUE() and $INT(), introduced by version 09 Mar 2007
09 Mar 2007: Added $EXP(), $LN(), $LOG(), $PI(), $SQRT(); fixed $ROUND() bug, contributed by TWiki:Main/SergejZnamenskij
23 Jan 2007: Enhanced documentation
18 Dec 2006: Added $LISTRAND(), $LISTSHUFFLE(), $LISTTRUNCATE(); fixed spurious newline at end of topic, contributed by TWiki:Main/MichaelDaum
10 Oct 2006: Enhanced documentation
13 May 2006: Added $SETIFEMPTY(); fixes in documentation
17 Jun 2005: Added $NOEXEC(), $EXEC()
25 Mar 2005: Fixed evaluation bug when using SpeedyCGI accelerator; code refactor to load module only when needed, contributed by TWiki:Main/CrawfordCurrie
24 Oct 2004: Added $EXISTS(), contributed by TWiki:Main/RodrigoChandia; added $PERCENTILE()
18 Oct 2004: Added $LISTJOIN()
26 Sep 2004: Added $FORMAT(KB), $FORMAT(MB), contributed by TWiki:Main/ArthurClemens; added $FORMAT(KBMB), $EVEN(), $ODD()
17 Jul 2004: Added $WORKINGDAYS(), contributed by TWiki:Main/CrawfordCurrie
24 May 2004: Refactored documentation (no code changes)
03 Apr 2004: Added $ABS(), $LISTIF(); fixed $VALUE() to remove leading zeros; changed $FIND() and $SEARCH() to return 0 instead of empty string if no match
21 Mar 2004: Added $LISTITEM(); fixed call to unofficial function
16 Mar 2004: Added $LISTMAP(), $LISTREVERSE(), $LISTSIZE(), $LISTSORT(), $LISTUNIQUE(), $SETM(); retired $COUNTUNIQUE() in favor of $COUNTITEMS($LISTUNIQUE()); fixed evaluation order issue of $IF(); fixed missing eval error messages suppressed since version 06 Mar 2004; redirect stderr messages to warning
08 Mar 2004: Added $LIST()
06 Mar 2004: Added $AND(), $MOD(), $NOT(), $OR(), $PRODUCT(), $PROPER(), $PROPERSPACE(), $RAND(), $REPEAT(), $SIGN(), $VALUE(); added digits parameter to $ROUND(); renamed $MULT() to $PRODUCT(); $MULT() is deprecated and undocumented
27 Feb 2004: Added $COUNTUNIQUE()
24 Oct 2003: Added $SET(), $GET(), $MEDIAN(); added $SUMPRODUCT(), inspired by TWiki:Main/RobertWithrow; added $SUMDAYS(), contributed by TWiki:Main/SvenDowideit
21 Oct 2003: Added support for lists (1, 2, 3) and lists of table ranges (R1:C1..R1:C5, R3:C1..R3:C5) for all functions that accept a table range; added $TIMEADD(); in $TIMEDIFF() added week unit; in $FORMATTIME() changed $weekday to $wd and added $wday and $weekday
14 Oct 2003: Added $TIME(), $TODAY(), $FORMATTIME(), $FORMATGMTIME(), $TIMEDIFF()
13 Oct 2003: Added $MULT(), contributed by TWiki:Main/GerritJanBaarda
30 Jul 2003: Added $TRANSLATE()
19 Jul 2003: Added $FIND(), $NOP(), $REPLACE(), $SEARCH(), $SUBSTITUTE(), contributed by TWiki:Main/PaulineCheung
19 Apr 2003: Added $COUNTSTR(), $EXACT(), $IF(), $ROUND(), $TRIM(); added $FORMAT(), contributed by TWiki:Main/JimStraus; support % modulus operator in $EVAL(), $INT(), and $ROUND(); fixed bug in $DEF()
07 Jun 2002: Added $DEF(), contributed by TWiki:Main/MartinFuzzey; allow values with HTML formatting like <u>102</u>, suggested by TWiki:Main/GladeDiviney; added SKIPINCLUDE setting
12 Mar 2002: Support for multiple functions per nesting level
15 Jan 2002: Added $CHAR(), $CODE() and $LENGTH()
12 Nov 2001: Added $RIGHT()
12 Aug 2001: Fixed bug of disappearing multi-column cells
19 Jul 2001: Fixed incorrect $SUM() calculation of cell with value 0
14 Jul 2001: Changed to plug & play
01 Jun 2001: Fixed insecure dependencies for $MIN() and $MAX()
16 Apr 2001: Fixed div by 0 bug in $AVERAGE()
17 Mar 2001: Initial version with $ABOVE(), $AVERAGE(), $COLUMN(), $COUNTITEMS(), $EVAL(), $INT(), $LEFT(), $LOWER(), $MAX(), $MIN(), $ROW(), $SUM(), $T(), $UPPER()
CPAN Dependencies: none
TWiki:Plugins/Benchmark: GoodStyle 99%, FormattedSearch 99%, SpreadSheetPlugin 95%
Other Dependencies: none
Perl Version: 5.000 and up
Plugin Home: http://TWiki.org/cgi-bin/view/Plugins/SpreadSheetPlugin
Feedback: http://TWiki.org/cgi-bin/view/Plugins/SpreadSheetPluginDev
Appraisal: http://TWiki.org/cgi-bin/view/Plugins/SpreadSheetPluginAppraisal

Related Topics: TWikiPreferences, TWikiPlugins, VarCALC, VarIF

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Topic revision: r24 - 2012-01-14 - TWikiContributor
 
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